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The effect of sexual violence depends on the type of offence and its circumstances. PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
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The study reported that victim suffered from severe depression and anxiety if the perpetrator is known to the victim. Though the prediction of sexual abuse is not generally possible as it is unrelated to any sociodemographic factor, a descriptive study of child victims of sexual assault in West Bengal found that the majority of cases belonged to the lower socioeconomic strata (63.3%) and backward castes (55.8%). The United Nations International Children Education Fund study conducted during 2005–2013 reported that the prevalence of CSA in Indian girls was 42%. The prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) in India is 53%, as per the report by the Ministry of Women and Child Development boys were equally affected and more than 20% were subjected to severe forms of sexual abuse. Asia has a prevalence rate of 23.9%, which is a concerning figure considering long-term physical and psychological consequences of sexual abuse. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reported that the rate of rape-related crimes against women and girls has increased significantly (70.7%) from 11.6/100,000 in 2001 to 19.8/100,000 in 2018.Ĭonsidering some global surveys, an estimated 7.9% of males and 19.7% of females universally face sexual abuse before the age of 18 years. This guideline is directed toward helping psychiatrists treat patients of sexual violence in emergency situations. Psychological support and early treatment in emergencies help to prevent long-term trauma. Survivors of sexual violence present to emergency with many physical and psychological manifestations. Rape against women and girls is considered as a brutal manifestation of women’s oppression, discrimination, degradation, and violence which they face their entire lives. Though women and children are mainly victims of sexual violence, men are also prone to it.
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The term sexual trauma combines the acts of violence with survivors’ responses. Sexual trauma refers to one or multiple sexual violations that invoke significant distress. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2019 called for a gender-neutral law to include male rape but was rejected by the apex court. Marital rape is now included but does not fall under criminal law. It happens against the victim’s will or without consent, by coercion, under intoxicated or unsound mental health condition, or if she is under 18 years. Rape is now defined as insertion of penis or any object into the vagina, anus, urethra or mouth or introduction of penis into the mouth or in between the thighs or manipulation of body parts of a child so that penetration occurs.